Of course there are egregious examples that I would hope we can all agree are abusive, but I am more interested in the more difficult calls. Athlete does skill wrong. Coach corrects. Athlete does skill wrong. Coach corrects. Athlete does skill wrong again and coach gets frustrated and . . . has some sort of reaction. How do we determine whether the reaction is abusive? From the coach's perspective, the athlete isn't listening, is wasting time and turns, and is potentially putting her/himself at risk either of an acute or a repetitive injury. Further, even as a consequence for breaking the rules, I'd expect our personal lines for what is OK and what is not OK will differ. If a kid gets sent out of practice to sit for ten minutes, that's going to be damaging to the kid's self esteem, but it may nonetheless be something where almost all of us would agree that it's the right call. Maybe what you're trying to get at here is personal attacks?
There's also the interesting effect of filtering in gymnastics, right? Lots of kids at the bottom, who eventually learn that gym is not the sport for them for various reasons, and for some, it's going to be the highly disciplined environment. The ones who stick it out are more likely than not the ones who do listen, who do try hard every turn, who do make an effort to push through fears and blocks, who will work through some routine pain. Yet at most gyms, the higher up a kid gets, the more demanding the coaching is because the coaches expect more and have more at stake in success -- and let's not forget, so do the athletes!
The single most damaging thing that has happened to either of mine in gym was a period when one of the coaches repeatedly accused one of not trying and not caring. The child in question WAS trying and DID care, but the coach could not see that. It became a vicious circle, because the child became increasingly tentative and frustrated, which made the coach increasingly negative. It completely shut down that child's progress on that event, but I think it would have been hard to make the argument that it was abusive, although we found it troubling. (We did eventually successfully make the argument that it was not productive.) I'm also reminded that previous threads have discussed the phenomenon of coaches shouting, and usually someone will chime in and say that what's said is far more important than the volume level.
If there is going to be cultural change, a lot of hard thought about how to draw these lines needs to happen, but also we need to remember that coaches are only human, and children, especially teenagers, can be hella frustrating. (I sometimes feel like I want to hand our boys' coach a Valium on those days when he finishes coaching preteam and transitions immediately to an evening with his upper optionals. I couldn't do it. No way.)